Hudson’s Bay Company and IBM

Machines and servers are used all over businesses, however it depends on which activity the servers are used for that determines if the server will be beneficial. Each of the 3 servers are used differently and are uniquely designed to assist virtual servers. Full- fertilization has the help of the hypothesis in which divides and keeps each server independent. By keeping the servers independent, resources are not being wasted. This particular server will function correctly without knowing Its running fertilization alone.Still hypocrisies needs help due to the fact that It does so much for the physical servers. Para-fertilization Is a little different because the servers don't have to depend solely on the hypothesis. Para-visualization allows the system's to all work together as an entity so nothing Is working harder than another. SO- level fertilization Is much different than the other 2 virtual servers because the hypothesis Isn't needed at all for stability. Valuations ability teams with SO to perform all of the tasks that hypothesis would yet It's still secluded unlike the other reverse.Now, by doing so the guest servers must all run solely on the so. Hudson Bay Company as well as IBM both bring in numerous amounts of business and fertilization can assist with performing some of the daily tasks. With all of the information and data, optimization can help smooth out some of the tasks. Another reason would be the cost of sources, technology is being used heavily which means it's becoming more and more expensive. Partnering with IBM will save Hudson Bay Company lots of money but mostly energy.Hudson Bay Company is growing rapidly and will be using more power and energy. IBM is very beneficial to Hudson Bay due to their creation of higher/faster speed which requires less servers for companies. The HOB blade has more than one talent, it allows multiple drivers for backup In case of emergencies. HOB plays a huge part in correcting errors and preventing direct softw are problems. The collaboration is beneficial to both companies in which both are becoming more modernized and useful in the land of information technology.

Bram Stoker Essay

Within â€Å"Dracula†, Stoker clearly presents the male characters in the book as heroes, without over emphasising this by giving them extraordinarily strong powers. They are portrayed as normal human beings with faults and weaknesses. This can be seen when Van Helsing suffers from hysteria, but despite this still plays an important role in the chase for Dracula, and brings confidence to their quest at desperate times. He describes the â€Å"Band of Brother’s† as those â€Å", who are willing to peril even our own souls for the safety of one we love-for the good of mankind, and for the honour and glory of God†. A similar comparison could be made to fictional characters/super heroes in comics such as Superman. They save the weak and bring down the villain while also leading normal lives. But despite doing this, these super heroes still posses certain vulnerabilities, in the instance of superman, he possesses a weakness to kryptonite. In the same sense, members of the brotherhood have their own weaknesses. Therefore, it is fair to say that there is some presence of a comic book nature in Stokers writings, and the characters in the book represent this. Stoker does well not to make the characteristics of his male heroes all man and butch, like our version of the male hero today. I believe Stoker’s view of the perfect hero, is one that is physically strong but in touch with his feminine side. I believe such a character to be Van Helsing. At the opening of Jonathan Harker’s journal it says, â€Å"God preserve my sanity†, and later Dr. Seward says, â€Å"What does this all mean? I am beginning to wonder if my long habit of life amongst the insane is beginning to tell upon my own brain†. Clearly within the novel, the male characters show signs of tenderness and sensitivity, which would be an imperative trait for a women of the time. Despite this, within the â€Å"Band of Brothers† each individual member have their own personal weakness, and this again parallels to that of a super hero in a comic book, (an ideal present day hero), how everyone has their own weaknesses, and often all have a universal weakness, eg. Breathing, in a comic world. In this case, the universal weakness of the â€Å"Band of the Brothers† is the shared love and protective nature over their women/partners. I believe that the men in the novel feel threatened by Dracula, who is a perfectly attractive, who is physically powerful, and more importantly targeting their women. The men may have felt that this new species may lure their women away from them, since it can be seen that his prey needs some sort of willingness or co-operation for him to act. It is not clear in the novel if Jonathan and Mina have consummated their marriage, since Jonathan was in such a bad state at the time of the wedding, yet later in the play he again shows inadequacies in the bedroom department, and can only watch Mina sucking at the chest of Dracula having been paralysed by the more dominant figure, Dracula. In the novel, personal and universal strengths and weaknesses are present in the â€Å"Band of Brothers†. Since all the characters concerned are human, there is no distinct line between the two, perhaps rather they represent individuality of characters. Due to the group’s enthusiasm, and their keenness to save their beloved from Dracula, they play directly into the hands of Dracula, and this can be seen in London. This shows that the eager and hunger of the man exploits their weakness of not thinking correctly, rushing into things and a little gullibility. Mina is left alone at the house a sitting duck for Dracula to attack, a thoughtless action showing human weakness. However the group show great dedication and understanding to the task in hand as Van Helsing says, â€Å"Our toil must be in silence, and our efforts in secret; for in this enlightened age†¦

Interview with Makeup Artist Sephora Essay

Being a makeup artist requires a lot of hard work, precision, and artistry. It is a job that is challenging, yet rewarding. Meet David. David is a 24 year old makeup artist who currently works as a beauty advisor at Sephora on 42nd and Madison. David was also interested on being on the Sephora Pro Beauty Team, but told me that is a task he is working on and will further take on in the coming time. He spends hours by the day helping clients do a color match, give advice on brands, or doing a Custom Makeup Application, or CMA for short. These applications are done when a customer spends at least $50 on any product in Sephora. The client will sit down with a beauty specialist and have a full face of makeup done. I got the chance to follow David as he worked with different clients, and I also got the chance to ask him a few questions, along with some opinions he threw at me. David is well.. of course, employed by Sephora. During the week, he usually works four days a week from about 12pm to 9pm. He told me that mid shifts are the best, because they are usually the busiest and time goes by quickly without even noticing. For his time and effort, Sephora compensates him with $11. 50 an hour without commission. I found that David is not usually at the location at 42nd and Madison, but is normally located in the Times Square location next to McDonalds on 42nd and 7th. David started working with the company in 2009, making it three years since starting with the company. He got the job, just like any of us would have gone to apply for any other job. He filed out an application along with a resume and hoped for the best. David is very interested in cosmetics, and he told me that he uses all Makeup Forever Products. He likes them because of the ease of application and the natural look that comes with it. The line makes your skin look flawless and makes pictures look amazing. When it comes down to applying makeup to clients, David likes to use Bobbi Brown products, along with a few products from the Makeup Forever collection. Also, I noticed that he uses the Smashbox Primer â€Å"Photo Finish. † It seemed like they were trying to push this product a little bit. They clean the brushes before each application, and they also remove any dirt, oils, or makeup from the face. Make overs do differ from consumer to consumer. A client who is fair skinned has a completely different complexion than someone who may be dark skinned. The products do vary between clients. There was a woman that David was working with who said she was, â€Å"new to makeup† and wanted to learn more about application. David started her off with a tinted moisturizer to see how that felt on her face, judging whether or not she would like more coverage. With most clients, they pushed a lot of the Makeup Forever products, being that it is Sephora’s private brand. They did somewhat of a soft sell, being that they told you the name of the product before they put it on. I did notice they would take a brand new product off of the shelf and place it in front of you. David did this with most of the products he applied to his clients. During my time with David, I did not feel pressured to buy anything. He explained to me where he was applying each product and what it did to the face. For the first time, I had contouring done, and I loved the final look of it. It definitely defined the face and I honestly had no idea it came in a powder. I always figured it came in a liquid. My time with David was up, but I did manage to buy a few products. I bought a Sephora Pro foundation brush, along with the HD Microperfecting Powder. They were items I needed, but thanks to David’s help, I bought them right after my consultation with him. I did also spend the money because I found out how much the powder does make a difference after applying the makeup. It gives the face a matte look and also locks in the makeup to your face. The powder also absorbs oils and stays on all day. We all know that Sephora is a top leader in the retail industry when it comes to makeup, skincare, and cosmetics. According to what I found out from David, and just simply people watching at Sephora for about 2 hours, I feel like a company can make a lot of money if they have in store make overs. Unlike CVS and Duane Reade, where you cannot try the makeup, Sephora gives the client an opportunity to see the product on, live, and how he or she wants to see it. It reduces the chance for returns of a product because of the testing beforehand. Companies can greatly impact a sale if they incorporate this technique into a store. Not only will it give people a place to try new products, it gives the client more of an opportunity to work with an advisor, like David. People need help when they try new things on their own sometimes. So when all comes down to store make overs, they are a total win and a great way to communicate with a client.

Case study on Expert Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study on Expert Systems - Essay Example â€Å"An expert system is an information system that holds and stores the expertise of human experts and then reproduces human reasoning and decision making† (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, p. 729). According to (Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p. 446), an expert system can be defined as knowledge exhaustive computer program that captures the skills or expertise of human in limited fields of knowledge. An expert system can help decision making by creating related questions and describing the causes for taking definite action (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). This first example encompasses the implementation of expert system in the manufacturing industry. In this regard Lee (2009) presented a detailed overview of a new type of system development and implimentataion at US defense department. The new technology based expert system will be helpful in development of the new generation of weapons systems. This expert system is aimed to effectively manufacture the intended products through giving the advanced materials and current manufacturing techniques. This system is acknowledged as the Intelligent Processing of Materials (IPM) program (Lee, 2009). The implementation of the IPM is aimed to diminish the manufacturing expenditure by using expert systems as well as intelligent control over the major development areas. The main aim of this system is to be functional and efficient in greater stresses, higher temperatures, and harsher environments, for the reason that new material involves all these factors in the overall production and developm ent. According to development teams, IPM program will minimize the overall development time and make intelligent decision. This expert system will make use of analysis as well as synthesis tools to shape models of the material processes. During all these processes the expert system will also control the in-situ sensors to monitor real states of processes. This expert system will be a compensation of the

Social Performance, Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Performance, Part 1 - Essay Example Customer relationships are often improved with the use of social performances as the use increases. Modern times have caused the use of such techniques in organizations to increase. This is since everyone is keen to be affiliated with progress in their respective corporations. What it aims at improving is seen with the poverty eradication schemes that it has enabled grow in the areas that it is in close proximity with. Social performance advocates primarily for the different functions that stakeholders, for example, the community present and employees of a company have at a specified time. Firms have specified their functions, and through rules and regulations, they can ensure that the organization’s standards are met. This paper will review the social performance of an organization. Also, how changes incorporated in the field could lead to improvements in the organization. The company being dealt with is a security firm that deals in protecting high profile people. The role it plays ensures that whenever something important is happening in the city, the firm would be able to protect them, and ensure their safety. There are different ways in which these personalities’ security is ensured. When they do seek the services of this firm, they entrust it with their lives. This means that everything they do is handled by the firm from when they arrive, to when they decide to depart. Stakeholders are people interested in the dealings of a company or business entity (Cooper, 2004). These interests make them want to be part of the growth of this venture so that they get to benefit from it. The primary stakeholders in this firm are the people who find that they are directly affected by the actions carried out by the firm. In this case, the primary stakeholders are the persons in need of the security details. They are directly affected in that the actions the firm undertakes make them highly susceptible to

Organizational Development in HRD Change Model Research Paper

Organizational Development in HRD Change Model - Research Paper Example harmaceutical industry is also risky because to develop a drug requires huge investments and out of the many thousands of discovered compounds, only one might be approved drug for sale with the failure rate being high and very difficult to get the return on investment. Also, the high stakes required at the organization if the research and development shows that the total cost of the project does not reach the fruition needed. The organization also is also experiencing that the costs of healthcare have consistently raised faster than the GDP thus creation of an unsustainable situation in healthcare systems, whether it is publicly or privately funded. As a result, new barriers have been erected to market entry; pressures have increased on the pricing, reimbursement, and besides customers are increasingly demanding for evidence of the â€Å"value for money†. The costs of doing research and development have risen more sharply than the rate of inflation, while the number of drugs that were reaching the market has steadily fallen. Changes will pave way for improved integration between the company’s customer service activities, underwriting, and excellence in operations Vision is the strong belief focused on the right course of action. It is the most vital component when faced high uncertainties and actions are hard to contract. The vision of the organization: provision of access to safe, effective and affordable medicines and the related health care services to the people. Mission: Our priorities are God, people, and business. The core values of the organization: Leading portfolio of products and medicines that supports , wellness and safety of the population; committed to the application of science and our resources to improve the health and well being at every stage of life by providing high quality drugs; efficiency in the provision of services; operating on transparency; working in partnership with everyone from the patients to the health care providers to world

The Product Life Cycle of BMW Brands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Product Life Cycle of BMW Brands - Essay Example In this case, new features that would characterize the development of existing products would be introduced in between the stages that would keep on revitalizing the product. As explained in detail below, this strategy is highly recommended as it has a lot of benefits and advantages over other competitors. models over time such that the whole model range is not changed but only changing another model range. Basically, it strives to keep its products in the introduction and growth stages by introducing new models in each of its product lines as well as continually improving its existing products. This strategy is advantageous in that the organization is able to realize its profits every time as a business would be growing every time by way of introducing a range of other models. It can be noted that the product lifecycle shown of other automobile manufactures contrasts drastically with that of BMW. These manufacturers would introduce a model then leave it unchanged over a long period of time until the sales begin to show a decline after reaching the maturity stage which is the peak occasion of sales of a product it can reach before they begin to decline. The product life cycles of other manufactures differ from BMW in that there are mainly characterized by four stages which are introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Indeed, BMW’s product lifecycle is constantly growing by virtue of introducing new models in its product lines. However, the main similarity between these product life cycles is that both of them have a similar introduction and growth stages. The introductory phases are concerned with brand establishment with the main aim of encouraging the use of the product by emphasizing its unique attributes. Both stages show an upward trend in sales of their products. Basically, a marketing strategy is defined as the means by which marketing objectives will be achieved. It encompasses the instruments used in marketing which involve planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The most important part of the marketing strategy is the implementation part. Â  

Study case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study Example Question on firm’s use of the services would help her to identify firms with opportunities for her proposed ventures while questions on who makes final decisions, criteria for selection of service provider, and evaluation criteria are important to identifying the most viable opportunities for Donna’s proposed enterprise. The research indicates that a majority of the studied firms, and by generalization, a majority of firms in the area, does not use consulting services. For those that use the services, the CEO, general manager, or the manager are the most influential decision makers. In addition, the firms have not been using consultancy services for marketing purposes and reputation, experience, and prices are the major decision making criteria. Further, large consulting organizations are preferred and performance is evaluated based on people’s acceptance of the rendered services. For the firms that had not used external consultancy services, they cited no need for such services. I were in Donna’s position, I would proceed with the intention to establish the marketing consultancy firm. I would target the companies that have not been using the services and awareness creation on the need for the services would be my marketing strategy. This would be my short-term strategy as the organization grows, as I would also be trying to capture large firms. I would also strive to develop professional relations with firm’s top executives such as CEOs, general managers and managers to understand their tastes and preferences for service providers and services. My actions would aim at entry into the market and expansion of market

Philosophy Cultural Relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy Cultural Relativism - Essay Example The technological boom, having emerged to satisfy the society's thirst for innovativeness and easier life, deprived the society of its basic functions - live communication, connection with the reality, building relationships; product variety deprived the planet of huge amount of its resources, destroyed natural habitats and left the poor countries unable to meet their basic needs; the U.S. economy actually lost from the consumerism behavior, because as people were becoming "shopaholics" they started to take more and more bank credits as they could not satisfy their previous loans, thus living a life "on credit"; personal happiness became a transitory state of mind. The creation of cell phones, computers, mp3-players, I-pods, the Internet, TV - all of those items changed the lives of our predecessors so much that they lost their sense of reality. The human himself lost his ability to communicate freely and build real social relationships. One started to prefer cell phone calls, virtual chats, I-net calls as they were more convenient. He did not need to travel to meet the person he wanted to talk with. He did not need to sacrifice the cosiness of his own home or office.

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Literature - Essay Example Conrad’s choice of words and word combinations, complex sentences, his poetic tone and sophisticated style assists in smooth transition in situation that craft a sensual experience for the readers. He uses rhyming adjective phrases and complex sentences to string his ideas and make them transcend into a visual melodrama. â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is an excellent example for his ability to manipulate the abstract language and vivid imagery to attain his goal. In earlier days, Africa was known to be the ‘Dark Continent’ or the â€Å"other world.†(Robert Kimbrough 1988). All negative traits of European society were attributed to Africans. So much so, that Africa did not find a place in the world map and its geographical areas were unmarked. This intrigued and stimulated the spirit of challenge in many explorers and navigators to conquer the Dark Continent. It was this passion that also goaded the boy Joseph to seek a life of adventure and romance on the high seas. A Polish by origin, brought up in a patriotic family who resented European aggression, Conrad spent his childhood in Russia and Poland. Subsequent to the death of his parents he was under the care of his uncle, and had schooling at Carcow. Like other young men of 19th century Conrad was drawn to the adventurous, lucrative, and self-fulfilling life of seamen. He remained a seaman, from 1874 to1894, and sailed under several European flags before beginning his li terary career. Conrad’s long twenty years of experience, particularly a visit to Africa, stands reflected in ‘Heart of Darkness.’(p.ix). The story is narrated through the main character Marlow, who was also a sailor, and can be considered as an autobiographical travelogue of Conrad delivered through Marlow. Heart of Darkness, possibly the greatest short novel in English, asks troublesome questions on human aggression, disturbs preconceptions and

The hedge fund and private equity capital raising environment in EU Essay

The hedge fund and private equity capital raising environment in EU - Essay Example Most hedge funds establish and organize themselves as limited partnerships because of the flexibility that it allows them. In order to withdraw funds investors have to give notice of 30 days or more. There are approximately 7,000 hedge funds with market values of US$1 trillion. According to McCaherty and Vermeulen (n.d.) hedge funds take a variety of forms and are characteristic of the pursuit of high returns and the use of leverage to enhance the return on their investment. In recent times hedge funds and private equity have come to represent a significant part of financial activities in the financial markets in Europe, USA and Asia. The sizes of these investments are large as they continue to grow. Fund managers use a number of strategies, traditional techniques and a number of instruments such as equity, debt, options, futures and foreign currencies. In recent times hedge fund managers have engaged in high risk investment strategies including currency trading, credit derivatives a nd restructurings in order to obtain above normal returns on their investments Private Equity Private equity fund managers invest mainly in unregistered securities. However, in recent times they have been engaged in taking private a number of publicly listed companies. They use a number of different investment strategies with varying levels of liquidity. Private Equity Firms are not only involved in providing funds for new and developing companies but they are also engaged in the provision of funds for corporate restructuring, management buy-out and leveraged buy-outs. One Writer attributes the emergence of the buyout fund as the dominant style of investment to favorable credit market conditions, a large supply of loan funds and low interest rates, changes in the preferences of investors, a large number of publicly listed private equity vehicles and the increase in the demand for alternative assets by institutional investors such as pension funds. Brigham and Ehrhardt (2005, p. 664) indicates that â€Å"in a going private transaction the entire equity of a publicly held firm is purchased by a small group of investors that usually includes the firms current senior management.† There are usually two ways in which this transaction is carried out. In one instance the managers acquire all the equity of the company and in the other it does so with a small group of investors who set the previous managers to manage. These are referred to as management buy-out (MBO) and management buy-in (MBI) respectively. This process normally involves substantial borrowings and is therefore described as Leveraged buyouts (LBO). Another term which is normally used is â€Å"taken private† which relates to a buyout of a public company and in the process removing it from the stock exchange listing, and therefore transforming it into a private firm (Fraser-Sampson, 2007). Public companies are normally taken private because they have the potential of providing substantial ca sh flows to investors as the shares are currently undervalued on the stock market. The managers see the potential of â€Å"significantly boosting the firm’s value under private ownership† (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2005, p. 664). This means that companies taken private have the potential of enriching not only the managers who take part in the buyout but the public shareholders who are often offered prices higher than the going market

Z for Zachariah Essay Example for Free

Z for Zachariah Essay Survival, basically refined is stated as the fact or state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult situations. â€Å"Never, never give in, in anything great or small, never give in† is a famous quote by Sir Winston Churchill that helps explain the real aspects of what it takes to survive. The following text will explain and explore ‘survival’ from various techniques and effects as well as compare and contrast the similarities and differences between ‘Z for Zachariah’, our class novel of a teenage girl living in a post-apocalyptic world and ‘Touching the Void’, a thrilling story of two adventurous climbers who’s journey takes a turn for the worse. ‘Z for Zachariah’ is based in a post –apocalyptic time period within the American Midwest. It is set out in a diary entry written by the protagonist, in this case a 16 year old girl named Ann Burden. It focuses on what she does just to stay alive during the daily events she encounters. Through the use of this 1st person perspective, you are able to believe that you are right there in the heart of the novel. Most importantly, it enables you to experience the life of Ann and what it is like to live in a time of struggle and despair. Other techniques such as flashbacks (a jump backwards in time to fill in details from the past) and symbolism (the use of an object or idea to represent something else by association) help re-instate the initial format of ‘survival’ portrayed in the novel. Touching the Void’ is a documentary based on the true story of two mountaineers climbing in the Peruvian Andes where one of the climbers falls and sustains a serious leg injury, making him unable to carry on. This leaves them with a serious conundrum of what to do to get out alive. Throughout the documentary a variety of techniques are portrayed to get the audience engaged. It is c onstantly reverting to the interviews of Joe Simpson and Simon Yates to concede a much better engaging atmosphere for the audience. Also, through the use of re-enactment it provides the feeling of you actually being there and witnessing the events that happen throughout the film. ‘Survival’ is clearly shown in its true form in this documentary. Both of these particular texts have differences and similarities between them. Whereas ‘Z for Zachariah’ is written with many themes in mind such as ‘good and evil’, ‘hope and despair’ and ‘life and death’ ‘Touching the Void’ is filmed with only one, this is ‘survival instinct ‘. This simply stated is what happens when you are put in a high pressure situation with no apparent way of etting out. Also, where the novel is a fiction story, the documentary happened in the ever present world in which we live, making it a more realistic and easier to understand the viewpoint. Although there are not many similarities shared between the two texts, there is one key feature they both possess and that is the aspect of ‘Lone Survival’. This is what makes these stories of survival what they are and why they are truly great. The ability to think when you are all by yourself is quite difficult, especially when the thought of death is in mind. However, in both of these texts the protagonists are able to regain their focus and carry on strong to finish alive at the end of the journey. Both ‘Z for Zachariah’ and ‘Touching the Void’ have uniquely different ideas of how survival can vary in different ways, as well as change the people involved in the event for the rest of their lives. These are great examples of survival at their best, and In the end Life is the struggle for survival, in which the strongest wins, and as Winston Churchill once said â€Å"Never, never give in, in anything great or small, never give in†.

Is Power Central To Our Understanding Of Politics?

Is Power Central To Our Understanding Of Politics? The right of nature, which writers commonly call jus naturale, is the liberty each man hath to use his own power as he will himself for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life; and consequently, of doing anything which, in his own judgement and reason, he shall conceive to be the aptest means thereunto. Thomas Hobbes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war as is of every man against every man Thomas Hobbes The etymology of politics is from a word of Greek origin, polis, which means the state or a group. Its idea was based on the perfect city state, and it was the work of Plato and Aristotle. Platos book The Republic precisely defines the meaning and objectives of this city state. Hence, the word politics, came in being, with the idea of making a perfect society. But it may be near to impossible to achieve an utopian society, than what it is now. During their observations Plato and Aristotle found some faultlines or weaknesses in the human society and therefore they started to have their own political philosophies. The book The Politics, by Aristotle describes that Man is by nature a political animal(The Politics, 1) or simply put, it is a inherent characteristic of man. Because of this, man should try to get a position within the city state. As per Aristotle, Political science is not a theoretical concept, but an inborn trait of human beings. The most fundamental meaning of politics is that, human beings are selfish creatures and all his acts, are towards the promulgation of his own interests and preserve himself. He likes to have his own beliefs and strategy which may differ from others in the society or group. Therefore there is a high chance of conflict, not only due to clash of various ideologies, but as our world had finite resources, people will try to get the maximum share for themselves, and if this were to happen, it would be a very difficult to live in. Politics will be very much required to prevent the society from collapse. Some people must be able to control the others in the society in order to enforce the code of conduct. We have also seen in our day to day lives that some people are able to exert more coercion, than others in the group, and it is because they have the confidence of others in the group. Earlier we saw that by primitive nature man looks after his benefit first, than those of other members in the society, so even the people in power will try to achieve some of their personal goals. Politics is essentially a struggle for power between the people who have some authority, and getting this power is only possible from help by the others. It will be by way of trying to mitigate the conflicts, by genuine or improper ways. They will try to reach out to the aggrieved parties with some promise of solutions and benefits, in such a way, to get their necessary support, and ultimately control over them. Therefore, politics is the way of achieving new power and retaining it, by honest or dishonest means, and this way, can be in between individuals, groups, state and its subjects, or even with in a family. We always think that government is the ultimate form of power. It is the politicians who manage the government and it is their plan of action which ultimately governs the society. Does it mean, that groups, societies or countries, where there is no government, there is no politics. Power is omnipresent in our actions and relations, with others. The very functioning of a society depends upon the power mechanisms with in it. The most common form of power known to us, is through the punishments by a group or a state to its subjects. But this may not be the case in all relationships, power is not expressed always through subjugation. Wherever there are various levels of governance, politics has to be there. For eg, in a family, the power is divided between the father, the mother, and various other family members, or in a bank between the manager and the clerks. This power is used the ultimate authority to get what he wants to and effectively manage grievances and disagreements. Therefore, power and authority are the most basic features of politics. With the struggle for power, there can be no politics. But at the same time, politics is the innate characteristic of humans, as per Aristotle. The writings of Foucault show us power may reside in certain traditions, and which makes these power relationship acceptable. For example the caste system which stills exists in India without the use of force. Power is also incorporated in beliefs and values, and through which humans experience their lives, and this authorizes various power relationships and its inter dependancies. Lukes asks to view power in three dimensions. The one dimensional power as per Lukes is that power is a related to our behavior and it is up to the man as to how much he can change the actions of other men, in a decision oriented process. The man with the most authority will be the winner in this process. The second dimension that Lukes discusses is about the ability to shape the agenda is a vital form of power to further ones interests. The three-dimensional theory of power by Lukes states that a person may behave or think in a particular way, which is not in his self interest. This dimension is a process in which the person with most power is able to change the weak in a way, in which he acts as per the whims of the powerful, on his own motivation, and without any imposition or forcible constraint for example, by creating a deep rooted ideology. But for Weber, power is the ability through which, an individual in a society, can achieve his or her own wish even against the opposition of others. Looking at the above notions of politics and power and the quotes by Hobbes at the start of this essay, it is very clear that man lives only for himself, and he has every right, to look after his self preservation, and without a common power to govern the society, man is always ay war against other men. This shows how politics and power are deeply intertwined and complex, and as per Locke it is human nature to be selfish. Out of this selfishness, comes out the desire to have more and more for oneself, and which can be achieved only by art of politics, to use soft and hard power, for capturing the minds and imagination of others. Therefore, power is central to our understanding of politics. In what does Foucaults concept of power alter conventional understanding of politics ? Decentralization of the position of power as suggested by Foucault is a very new way of looking at the concept of power. He has given us a new way to look at power, and taking us away from the observation of persons, who use power only as a tool of imposition, and also even away from the institutions from which these persons function, and guides us to the idea that power is everywhere and part of knowledge and truth. Foucault says what we are, it is because of power. Foucaults view of power is totally different from the previous ways of viewing power, in a way that, power is diffuse, not concentrated, embodied rather than possessed, discursive, rather than coercive. (Gaventa) He is against the notion that power is controlled and executed by a group of people, by way of acts of force, instead it is spread out. Power is everywhere and comes from everywhere so in this sense is neither an agency nor a structure (Foucault). It is like beyond power or system of truth that is diffused in the society, and it is in a state of constant change and bargaining. Foucault uses the term power/knowledge to show us the power is made of accepted forms of knowledge, scientific observations and truth. Truth is made in this world, and is a result of different types of coercion. It causes power to take various forms. Our society has its administration of truth, which is politicized, that is the forms of sermons, which it considers and makes it true, the structure which enables us to differentiate truth from falsity, the process by which each is approved, the methodology considered fine, in getting to this truth, that position of people who have the power of declaring the truth (Foucault). Administration of truth and rules of politics are a product of scientific enquiry and agencies, and forced on the society regularly through educational institutes and radio/newspapers/televisions, and the dynamics of political ideas. The quest for truth, is not to find out the ultimate truth, that can be acquired by society, but it is about the guidelines, which differentiate between truth and falsity, and precise factors of power are attached to the truth, an endeavor about the position of truth and its politico economic functions. (Foucault, in Rabinow 1991). Power enforces social discipline and standardization. Foucault moved his insight from the exercise of power by the state, as found in feudalism, to force their people, towards a new kind of disciplinary power as evidenced in the eighteenth century European society, such as jails, educational establishments and mental asylums. Their structures of monitoring did not have the need for coercion, as the subjects automatically performed in desired ways. Foucault was intrigued by the systems of prison vigilance, school regimen, administration setup, and demographic control, and accepted criteria about body conduct, inclusive of sex. He studied medicine, psychology, and criminology and their roles as departments of knowledge that describe the accepted patterns of behavior and aberration. Our bodies are dominated and made to function in a particular style, as a world of societal control of the general population, through what he called bio-power. Disciplinary and bio-power create a discursive practice or a body of knowledge and behavior that defines what is normal, acceptable, deviant, etc. but it is a discursive practice that is nonetheless in constant flux (Foucault). One of the central themes of Foucaults power is that it goes beyond politics and it is something which is there in day to day practices of society. Due to this, state centered power jams, including rebellions, dont bring in the necessary change in societies. He has also pointed out, how deeply norms are implanted in our minds, that we dont even recognize them, and it makes adhere to discipline ourselves without any willful imposition from others. It has a direct and creative role in our lives. It comes from various places, and operates from the top down and from the bottom up (Foucault). Power is at its zenith when it is inside specific institutions such as schools, prisons or hospitals, we should be careful about locating forms of power with particular institutions, because power is neither a superstructure nor a quality of an institution (Foucault). Politics was usually seen in the conventional sense as an external force trying to subjugate its subjects, and the subjects, feel coerced as they are not in a position to negotiate or for want of greater good of the society. It follows from the earlier points that power is not just applicable to political institutions as has been thought traditionally. For Foucault politics is not just limited to state politics, it has a wide range of system for domination, and is applicable to a plethora of techniques, from the subjects control of himself to the bio political control of people (Foucault). Therefore, Foucaults view of power changes the traditional way of looking at politics.

Impact of Colonization on Aboriginals | Alcoholism

Impact of Colonization on Aboriginals | Alcoholism Introduction The native tribes of Canada include the Inuit, The Metis and the First Nations. The term ‘First Nations is widely used to describe Canadian Aborigines who fall in neither of the above two groups. The Inuit comprises of indigenous people leaving in the colder regions of Canada, the Arctic, Russia, and Alaska in United States. The Metis people are the direct descendants of the mixed First Nations. The characteristics of their civilization included strict traditional networks and values, highly developed societal hierarchies, agricultural practice and permanent settlements. Aborigines and alcohol consumption Before their colonization by the Europeans, the Aboriginal people took alcoholic drinks made from various plants with relatively low alcoholic content. These included; alcoholic drinks made from the purple orchid tree and honey, pandas plant which would be soaked and pounded to make alcohol, mien cider gum, fermented honey, and the coconut. After the Europeans invasion, alcohol consumption patterns among the Aboriginals changed drastically. The Europeans brought trade. The Aborigines traded with fur for other essential commodities brought by the Europeans. As this trade developed, the Europeans started to use alcoholic drinks as a bargaining tool to soften the fur traders on their prices. â€Å"Alcohol was used as an inducement to participate, as a medium of exchange, and as a standard of competitive access.† (Smillie, Dec 16, 2009) The drinking patterns of the Aborigines commonly took the form of binging, spending whole days drinking. Women were also involved in excessive drinking and intoxication and this largely resulted in increased acts of violence and the eventual neglect of the children’s welfare. The women would engage in prostitution, which in turn affected childrearing and accelerated the birth rate of mixed race children who usually were abandoned by their European fathers. It is however instructive to note that alcohol consumption was later abolished, and the Aborigines largely abstained from it. This compliance to the abolition was, to a large extent a result of the lessons learned from the social problems it had created. Furthermore, even some of the trading partners requested that alcohol should not be made available to the band members. Impacts of alcohol consumption among the Aboriginals The following socio-economic impacts were normally associated with the Aboriginal people who consumed alcohol excessively; Let us take a look into Australia’s case, which bears great similarity to that in Canada, (this source was selected due of its readily available data and its similarities with Canada’s case) Violence: According to a new study that finds alcohol as the biggest risk factor (Sharp, April 9, 2010), indigenous people are up to 20 times more likely than the rest of the population to commit violent crime. According to a criminologist, most of the arrests made of indigenous people were due to minor physical assault, more than sexual abuse, and that these offenders were much more likely to repeat their actions on non-indigenous people. It was also found out that; a violent act against an indigenous person was most likely to be perpetrated by a fellow indigenous person, most likely f a family member. From the police data used, it was found that the apprehension figures for indigenous people were 20 times higher than those for the non-indigenous. These violent acts were found to have direct link to excessive consumption of alcohol. This reinforces an indigenous lawyer Noel Pearson’s view that alcohol consumption should have been tackled directly, through the formation of protective factors such as family links, coping skills and cultural resilience, rather than seen as a consequence of their past oppression by the colonialists (Sharp, April 9, 2010). Mortality: The indigenous people of Australia on average die earlier than their non-indigenous counterparts. This is partly attributable to excessive consumption of alcohol. It is estimated that 7% of these deaths, are as a direct result of alcoholism. The Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision also estimated that alcohol related deaths among these peoples were 5 – 20 times more than among their non-indigenous counterparts in WA, NT and SA. Self-inflicted injuries such as suicides are also high among these people, and alcohol has also been deemed to contribute a considerable percentage of these; with 40% and 30% of the male and female population respectively falling victim. Between 2000– 2004, the figures for the males and females who died from alcohol related suicides were 159 and 27 respectively, compared to the non-indigenous Australians whose figures were 123 and 27 respectively. This is a major source of concern given that the indigenous people comprise of only 3% of the entire Australian population (Wilson, 2010). Social breakdown: excessive consumption of alcohol has also been blamed for most social and emotional breakdowns. For example, Tyson and colleagues found that of the 4% of females and 9% of males with an alcohol use disorder in the general Australian population, 48% and 34% respectively, also met the criteria for anxiety, affective or drug use disorder. While there appears not to be any directly comparable studies for Indigenous Australians, it is likely that comorbid conditions occur more frequently among this population. To date, most of these indigenous people, both male and female, have been hospitalized for mental disorders associated with alcohol use, whose figures are 3-4 times higher than those of the non-indigenous population (Wilson, 2010). Other impacts of alcohol among the Aboriginals include; theft and crime, accidents and deaths, unemployment, community breakdown and fetal alcohol syndrome, all of which are high among these people compared to the rest of the non-indigenous population. Other problems that affected the Aboriginals The Indian Act of Canada â€Å"Indian Act of Canada, law designed to integrate Indians in Canada into the mainstream economy and culture (Indian Act of Canada, n.d).† This act was introduced in 1876, which allowed the Canadian government to have total control over the lifestyle of all Indians and their mode of interactions with the non-Indians. It was also given the power to look after the lands, education and health of these people. In 1951, the government agreed to abolish the existing Act and introduce a new one, after revelations of the suffering caused to the Indians came to the limelight occasioning a public uproar. However, despite the drastic measures taken, not all power was removed from the hands of the government, thus resulting in impacts different from what was anticipated. This further led to isolation of the Indians from the rest population. How the Act was passed; the establishment of Canada as a confederate state took place in 1867. It was done under a constitutional Act that gave it massive power over the lives of the Aboriginal people, including their property and lands. This was followed by the formation of many Aboriginal-related laws in the following years. By 1876, these laws were so many, that for ease of interpretation and implementation, the government decided to consolidate all of them to a single Act, known as the Indian Act. This Act gave definition on who was and was not Indian, basing lifestyle as its selection criteria. Thus it was the government’s prerogative to decide on who was and was not an Aboriginal Indian. The act stated the rights and protections the Indians were subject to, which included; fishing, hunting, education and healthcare which were state funded. The Indians were also protected from land grabbing by the white settlers and the non-Indians, but were denied the opportunity to govern themselves and to acquire Canadian citizenship. Thus, they could not participate in public functions such as voting in federal elections, business and commerce, land ownership, consumption of alcohol, and freedom of movement from their reserves without government permission. Despite its apparent segregation, the Act aimed at assimilating the Indians into the European lifestyle, giving guidelines which if any Indian could meet, he or she would be rewarded with Canadian citizenship. The reformation of the Act: The Act was later reformed in 1956 after World War II, which had proved that the Indian men were equally good soldiers in the battle field, an indication of their unwavering service to the Canadian Army. Further, the release of a federal report that exposed the extreme poverty levels of the Indian community caused a public uproar that led the government to revise the Act in 1951. The level of power and control of the federal agents was reduced, and the Indian people were given some level of self-governance. They were also allowed to consume alcohol, move out of their reserves without government permission and participate in any business activity. Further amendment saw the Indians allowed to vote by 1962. By 1985, they were not forced to reveal their identity in any circumstance, and by 1990 the Indians had gained more ground on self-governance. Residential schools In the early 1980s, the Canadian Federal government tried hard to convince the Aboriginals that they needed schools in order to become important and productive individuals in the society. This was as a result of the government’s deep rooted belief that it was its responsibility to take care of the Aboriginals and educate them. The government believed that the only chance at success lay in the natives’ learning English and therefore adopting the European way of life. They had to learn the Canadian customs as well as convert to Christianity. This adopted lifestyle would be passed down to their children and grandchildren, and the primitive native traditions would disappear in a few generations. Thus the Canadian Federal government developed an attitude of aggression towards its assimilation policy by ensuring it was preached in churches and taught in the government schools, which were later transformed into residential schools. The boarding school programs were initiated b ecause it was felt that it would be easy to convert and shape children than adults under similar circumstances, in preparation for them to join the mainstream societal lifestyle. These schools ; residential schools, were government funded and placed under the care of the Department of Indian affairs which oversaw the running of its daily activities including the learning exercises for its Aboriginal students. Attendance to these schools was made mandatory and thus the government employed agents to enforce these orders. â€Å"Initially, about 1,100 students attended 69 schools across the country. In 1931, at the peak of the residential school system, there were about 80 schools operating in Canada (Residential Schools: A History of Residential Schools in Canada, May 16, 2008).† At the time of closing of these schools in 1996, there were about a total of 130 schools in each province and a total of about 150,000 children of Aboriginal descent who had been forcefully removed from their communities to attend these schools. The major problem in these schools was that, right from their conception, the Aboriginal culture was considered inferior, and that with it, they would totally be unable to modernize and therefore adapt to the developed society. Therefore, there was a strong believe that children would bridge this gap should they shun that ‘primitive’ lifestyle and get exposure to developed society. That they would learn and accustom themselves to these new changes, by conversion to Christianity and speaking of English or French. These students were thus discouraged from using their first language as a medium of communication, or practicing any traditions. The living conditions in these schools were substandard and students were subjected to constant bullying and sexual harassment. Children would stay away from their parents for more than 10 months, and correspondence from the children was done in English which their parents didn’t understand. When children finally would go home, they found it difficult to fit in and therefore became ashamed of their native heritage. Further, the education and training received was minimal meaning that they could not survive in an urban setting. Thus, the objectives of these programs meant devastation to these children. This resulted in opposition, demonstrations and formation of commission of inquiries that investigated the matter. This later culminated to government agreeing to abolish the system and compensate its victims in 2007, where $1.9 billion was initially set aside as compensation package. Community based intervention A case scenario is presented here below, that shows how a combination of the above stated problems resulted to an increase in alcohol consumption, which thus led to moral degradation of a community, and how the problem was eventually solved. Let’s consider a case study of the Alkali lake community story. According to the elders, there was no alcohol drinking before 1940 on the reserve. But â€Å"just before World War II, a general store and trading post was set up at Alkali Lake by a European immigrant to the area. The people brought their furs to the store and received cash or merchandise, such as food staples, in exchange† (The Alkali Lake Community Story, n.d). The traders then introduced alcohol to soften them during negotiations. Once it entered the community, there was gradually shift in the health of the people, as many fell sick. Other pressures started mounting also as a result of the residential school system that saw many children sent away from their homes. These children would grow far away from their parents and family lifestyle, forced to abandon their first language for English or French. They were also taught that they cultures were ‘primitive’ compared to those of the Europeans, and therefore they had no choice but to leave them. Their conversion to Christianity was also made mandatory against their spiritual believes. These led to the Alkali people believing that unless they are converted into white race, they were of no good to the society. These beliefs were demonstrated in every facet of life, even to their subconscious level. Another major blow of these residential schools was the introduction of massive bullying that often accompanied both physical and emotional torture, and the wide spread sexual abuse of the students. When these students later returned home after months of schooling to start their own lives, they could not fit in because they had not been taught their traditional family values and virtues, and because they themselves had not been parented, they found it hard to grasp the concept of parenting and family life in general. Hence these people were more vulnerable to over consumption of alcohol which they did without control, making them violent and committed to more crimes. In 1965-1985, life in this society was unbearable. It was the height of all negative impacts of life pressures coupled with overconsumption of alcohol. â€Å"As one prominent community member put, We had become what others called us: the Indians of Alcohol Lake. Most of the people were so immersed in this reality that they were unable to see any other possibility for themselves. As another young man put it, I thought that was how Indians lived (The Alkali Lake Community Story, n.d). Economically, all the money received from the government as social assistance, was wasted on alcohol, and hence stores selling alcohol made tremendous profits from this region. Illegal selling of alcohol was also wide spread. It was accessible to underage children so long as they had money. Despite their social degradation, these people were willing to stop alcohol consumption and begin a new life of prosperity. This, however did not happen until in 1972 when a new chief by the name of Andy Chelsea was elected. A story is told of Andy’s daughter, Ivy Chelsea who refused to live with her mother until she quit drinking. Her mother, on hearing that, promised to quit. She went back home and poured all liquor on the floor. Four days later, the father also quit, thus becoming the first two non-alcoholic drinkers in the Alkali community. The following seven years, other people also quit and joined Andy and his wife Phyllis, in an effort to bring some sanity within the community. The community desire to quit its consumption saw Andy elected as the chief of the Alkali community in 1972. Solution to alcohol problem: As a chief, Andy took various steps including; banning the sale of alcohol in the community. He then thus refused entry of the Dog Creek Stage who was the main distributor of alcohol in the community, bringing it three times a week. He ensured that the sale of alcohol to minors was stopped. He called the RCMP who used marked bills to track these sellers, and ensured that they were arrested and their businesses put out. He also oversaw their severe punishment, which acted as a warning to others who thought of venturing into similar business. A voucher system was introduced that saw people with drinking disorder not allowed carrying cash but, their money converted to vouchers that were exchanged for food and other basic needs in the stores. Those who were caught committing crimes, both violent and non-violent under the influence of alcohol were given choice to book treatment or face a jail term. Since many people feared imprisonment, they chose treatment. Andy also sort help from the church to help eradicate alcohol consumption by approaching a priest of the Catholic Church. As it turned out, the priest was also an alcohol addict, and was actively fanning opposition against the chief. In light of those revelations, he was expelled from the community. At first, these measures were met with extreme opposition coupled with great anger and hostility from many community members. But by 1975, 40% of the community’s population had been set free from alcohol consumption and by 1979, 98% of the Alkali people were clean and sober. Conclusion The combinations of excessive consumption alcohol and the unfair Acts, instituted by the government, contributed greatly to the social ills that afflicted the Aboriginal communities. But through strict discipline, as indicated in the case study, it was possible to overcome the alcohol consumption problem, and through revision of the Acts by the parliament, the Aboriginal livelihoods have since improved. 1 Merce Cunningham: Symbolism in Dance Merce Cunningham: Symbolism in Dance Merce Cunningham is one of the pioneers in the field of dance and choreography. He had been a mentor to most of the choreographers who have now become major names in modern times. In addition, there are certain body movements and symbolism in his dancing techniques that make him a distinctive pioneer in choreography; also, there are numerous choreographic pieces by Merce Cunningham that are still being imitated by many choreographers of our present time. Most importantly, I have analyzed the dancing techniques, music, costumes, and movements in certain dancing pieces by Merce Cunningham. The choreographic pieces that I have analyzed for this purpose are Changing Steps, Deli Commedia, and Beach Birds for Camera. The choreography piece Changing Steps profoundly reflects the true geometrical dancing manner of Merce Cunningham. As per my analysis, Merce Cunningham had made use of steps and body gestures in the form of dance to reflect movement. I observed that Merce Cunningham has been successful in highlighting that subtle and weightless footwork has been used to form the dancers movement. Moreover, when the dancers change their body gestures quickly, that left an impression of light weighted foot stepping. Additionally, I have also observed that in order to create extensions to the movements of the body, special focus has been made on certain movements, such as the physical contact among the dancers during the sequence (Merce Cunnigham Dance Company). In my view, the highlight of the dance sequence is that it is another successful collaboration of music and choreography by John Cage and Merce Cunningham respectively. The work done by the cooperation of both invites the spectators to experience something that has never been focused on before; which is the way the collaboration had presented joy and freedom through the context of the dancing steps of the dancers. I believe that the collaboration of John Cage and Cunningham is the success factor as the dancing language of Cunningham is independent, but somehow John Cages music is irreplaceable. I also think that John Cages music in the dancing piece works as a catalyst. In addition, I would also like to mention that the wider acclaim to the dance sequence Changing Steps is increased because of the three-dimensional gesture stepping. Three-dimensional gesture stepping means that three dancers collaborate and make body movements that together make up a three-dimensional posture (Copela nd). Furthermore, the costumes used in the choreography sequence have been designed by Mark Lancaster. The colors of the costumes are single toned and darker colors. The costumes in the three-dimensional stepping had been used in a way that two of the dancers wear the same colored costume while the third dancer wears another color (Merce Cunnigham Dance Company). My experience with the dance sequence Changing Steps has been full of delight. The dance sequence greatly reflects an entirely new idea and form of dance. The usage of the title perfectly suits the dancing sequence, and as viewed in the sequence, changing in steps has been quite swift, thus, the title also elaborates the same idea. Also, the flow of stepping in the dance sequence of Changing Steps is so powerful that the spectator would feel that he or she is actually dancing with the dancers. I observed that in the beginning of the dance sequence the choreography has been done in a way that makes a rectangular box and further forms a curved structure of stepping and to me, the setting appeared to be something that I did not expect in a dance. In addition, I think that the union of dancers after every three-dimensional stepping of feet appeared to be amazingly active and fresh. Moving on to another great piece by Merce Cunningham entitled Deli Commedia. Deli Commedia is another accurately choreographed piece that represents the legacy of his contributions to the dance. He contributed in the field of dance by introducing the concept of geometry in his dance sequences. For instance, I have observed the concepts of geometry when one dancer stood perpendicularly while other dancers made curves through molding their bodies into an arch-like structure. Moreover, the costumes which have been used in the dance sequence were rather colorful, which exactly matched the theme of the stage. The usage of colors such as blue, yellow, green, magenta etc. is catchy which creates a distinction every time a new fragmentation is made while dancing. Deli Commedia reflects the collaboration of the musician, John Cage as the music played during the sequence holds beats in a synthesized manner (Ib50ib50 Channel). Deli Commedia managed to impress me as the dance sequence was filled with fragmentation and quick body movements, and I also liked the colorful costumes of the dancers which made use of the stage distinctively. Last but not least, the choreography sequence of Beach Birds for Camera illustrates the movement of coastal areas. The inspiration that I got from such a dance piece is freedom because the stepping of the feet and hand gestures are more bird-like movements. Birds usually symbolize freedom and the basic intrigue that one would get by applying the dancing gestures as in Beach Birds for Camera explains the Eastern dance themes. I also noticed that the theme of Eastern dance is evident from Cunninghams dance sequence because Eastern dancers perform in a way that is apparently similar to that of dancers of Beach Birds. Most of the Eastern dances are especially choreographed in outdoor locations reflecting nature (Copeland). The idea of stepping that illustrates the scenario of beach birds gives a joyful awakening in the field of the dance. Beach Birds for Camera is another victorious teamwork between Merce Cunningham and John Cage. According to my perspective, the music and choreography h ad complimented the theme of the ocean as the dancers use fragments imitating the effect of water, also the music of the dance sequence sounds like rain drops, or drops of water (Ib50ib50 Channel). If I compare Beach Birds for Camera and other dance sequences by Merce Cunningham, I have observed here that the fragmentation is used lesser in this sequence, and the layering of the body gestures is most prominent, which is something that I have liked, and what I mean about the layering of the body gestures is in terms of the postures the dancers take where they come in contact with other dancers through leg touch, or back touch. Also, the change in directions is more obvious than in any other dance sequence making the spectators navigate towards the dancing steps more (Merce Cunningham Dance). Moreover, the costumes designed by Marsha Skinner are according to the theme of the dance sequence. The costumes are especially made black and white in order to reflect the color of coastal birds; also, the use of black and white enhances the body gestures used in the fragmentation manner (Daly). I believe that costumes greatly suited the main theme of the dance sequence. Through my analysis of the three dance sequences by the collaboration of Merce Cunningham, the choreographer, and John Cage, the musician, it comes to my understanding that the field of dance had been made wide because of the legendary collaboration. In addition, being a spectator of such dance sequences helped me observe the development that has taken place in terms of the dance. I would also say that the development which had taken place in dancing by the advent of geometrical dance sequences by Merce Cunningham in 1956; also, making Merce Cunningham a legendary figure in making use of fragmentation, body gestures in a layering manner, and foot stepping. Overall, my experience of watching dance sequence by Merce Cunningham was joyful and thoroughly entertaining.

The Protection of the Environment Through Law Essay -- Environment, Po

The protection of the environment through law is unsuccessful; as the protection of the environment has just recently begun to take affect. The protection and conservation of the environment has been a concern since the 1880’s; when European settlers came to Canada, and discovered its wealth of natural resources. The protection of the environment however has just recently become the major issue that it is in today’s society. People worldwide have slowly begun to realize and become aware of the blatant destruction and deterioration of the environment and ozone. As well as the consequences and side affects, that we, as a society have created. The majority of people are just becoming aware of the frightening reality of the situation. As society becomes more informed on the issue of the environment, they too become more impatient, and feel that in the snap of fingers, the damage can be reversed and future damage can be stopped instantaneously. Because of this the government has been put into a major predicament. They have, and must continue to create laws, to protect the environment. However they cannot simply place unrealistic restrictions and limitations onto the major polluters; that are the manufacturing companies. These manufacturers emit large quantities of waste and greenhouse gases. However that is the cost of today’s society. The world needs certain commodities to function properly; like paper products, gasoline, oil and other petroleum by-products, as well as many other products that; whether we like it or not, are harmful to the environment, to make and use. Canada has done as much to protect the environment, as it has done to destroy it. Canada joined created several acts of legislation to protect the environment, as ... ... emissions and protect our natural resources, before we look to make a profit. Because once the natural resources and ozone are destroyed and gone, they are gone forever. Works Cited †¢ An Inconvenient Truth – Al Gore †¢ Critical Perspectives on Environmental Protection †¢ Global Warming Opposing Viewpoints †¢ Environmental Issues, Environmental Policy †¢ Environment Act of Canada - http://laws.justice.gc.ca/PDF/Statute/C/C-15.31.pdf †¢ Canadian Environmental Protection Act - http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90e19_e.htm#BK65 †¢ http://worldcentric.org/conscious-living/expanding-eco-footprint †¢ http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/scientists-say-kyoto-protocol-is-outdated-failure-397801.html †¢ http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/enviroforce/protection/officers.php †¢ http://cupe.ca/budget/2009-budget-environment

Greek Theater Essay -- essays research papers

Ancient Greek Theater is the first historical record of â€Å"drama,† which is the Greek term meaning â€Å"to do† or â€Å"to act.† Beginning in the 5th century BC, Greek Theater developed into an art that is still used today. During the golden age of the Athenians plays were created, plays that are considered among the greatest works of world drama. Today there are thousands of well-known plays and films based on the re-make of ancient drama.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theater originated from the religious rites of ancient Greek tribes. Located in northern Greece, a cult was formed to worship the God of wine and fertility, Dionysus. The cult held religious celebrations which included large consumptions of alcohol, animal sacrifices, and sometimes massive orgies. Theater was thought as a ritual to release powerful emotions and create pure ecstasy. The cult spread south into Greece and by 500 BC annual festivals in honor of Dionysus were held every spring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A main part of Dionysus’ rites was the dithyramb. It means a â€Å"choric hymn† and it was completely religious describing Dionysus’ adventures. The performance would have a group of dancers, a chorus in costumes, an orchestra of drums, lyres, and flutes, and a leader/director. It all took place around an altar for Dionysus. Soon after the dithyramb became popular at Athenian festivals where poets would compete to create their own unique dithyramb. Soon the dithyramb ceased to be about Dionysus and his adventures. Famous poets chose subjects from several different periods of Greek mythology. Over time, the dithyrambs formed into stories to be performed thus creating drama.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the golden age of Greece, city-states were developed, the most prominent being Athens with a population of at least 150,000. Here is where the rites of Dionysus created what we now call theater. We have the leader, the chorus, the dancers, and the orchestra. So where did actors come from? Around 525 BC a man from Attica named Thespis, added an actor into the dithyramb to interact with the chorus. The actor was called the protagonist and means â€Å"the main character of a drama.† This addition turned the chorus into theater. Thespis went down in history and is where â€Å"thespians† got there name.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About 534 BC was when the Dionysian Festivals were changed to add dram... ...d of heroic epics involving Gods and legends. He died in 406 BC all alone, extremely cynical of human nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athenians not only produced tragedies in their culture, but created many lasting comedies. These comedies helped set the way for Romans and Elizabethans coming in later periods. Developed similar to tragedy, comedy was aimed at the common people and had less to do with religious beliefs. Satire was often used in comedies, especially ones written by Aristophanes and Menander. Characters in these plays ranged from celebrities to drunken audience members. Menander’s plays were the main basis of comedy that moved onto the Romans and Shakespeare and the Broadway.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the 200 years from Thespis’ first accomplishments to the death of Sophocles, Greek Theater thrived. However, all good things eventually come to an end. The golden age was ending as Athenian culture was overrun in 404 BC by the Spartans. Theater of course evolved over time and is now a school subject, hobby and profession. Today it wouldn’t hurt to look back over some historically recorded plays and appreciate what the ancient Greeks created for us†¦ drama.

Aryabhatta Biography Essay

While there is a tendency to misspell his name as â€Å"Aryabhatta† by analogy with other names having the â€Å"bhatta† suffix, his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every astronomical text spells his name thus, including Brahmagupta’s references to him â€Å"in more than a hundred places by name†. Furthermore, in most instances â€Å"Aryabhatta† does not fit the metre either. Time and place of birth Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that it was composed 3,630 years into the Kali Yuga, when he was 23 years old. This corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476. Aryabhata was born in Taregna (literally, song of the stars), which is a small town in Bihar, India, about 30 km (19 mi) from Patna (then known as Pataliputra), the capital city of Bihar State. Evidences justify his birth there. In Taregna Aryabhata set up an Astronomical Observatory in the Sun Temple 6th century. There is no evidence that he was born outside Patliputra and traveled to Magadha, the centre of instruction, culture and knowledge for his studies where he even set up a coaching institute. However, early Buddhist texts describe Ashmaka as being further south, in dakshinapath or the Deccan, while other texts describe the Ashmakas as having fought Alexander. Education It is fairly certain that, at some point, he went to Kusumapura for advanced studies and lived there for some time. Both Hindu and Buddhist tradition, as well as BhÄ skara I (CE 629), identify Kusumapura as PÄ Ã¡ ¹ ­aliputra, modern Patna. A verse mentions that Aryabhata was the head of an institution (kulapati) at Kusumapura, and, because the university of Nalanda was in Pataliputra at the time and had an astronomical observatory, it is speculated that Aryabhata might have been the head of the Nalanda university as well. Aryabhata is also reputed to have set up an observatory at the Sun temple in Taregana, Bihar. Other hypotheses Some archeological evidence suggests that Aryabhata could have originated from the present day Kodungallur which was the historical capital city of Thiruvanchikkulam of ancient Kerala. For instance, one hypothesis was that aÅ›maka (Sanskrit for â€Å"stone†) may be the region in Kerala that is now known as Koá ¹ ­uá ¹â€¦Ã¡ ¹â€¦allÃ… «r, based on the belief that it was earlier known as Koá ¹ ­um-Kal-l-Ã… «r (â€Å"city of hard stones†); however, old records show that the city was actually Koá ¹ ­um-kol-Ã… «r (â€Å"city of strict governance†). Similarly, the fact that several commentaries on the Aryabhatiya have come from Kerala were used to suggest that it was Aryabhata’s main place of life and activity; however, many commentaries have come from outside Kerala. Aryabhata mentions â€Å"Lanka† on several occasions in the Aryabhatiya, but his â€Å"Lanka† is an abstraction, standing for a point on the equator at the same longitude as his Ujjayini. Works Aryabhata is the author of several treatises on mathematics and astronomy, some of which are lost. His major work, Aryabhatiya, a compendium of mathematics and astronomy, was extensively referred to in the Indian mathematical literature and has survived to modern times. The mathematical part of the Aryabhatiya covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry. It also contains continued fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of sines. The Arya-siddhanta, a lot work on astronomical computations, is known through the writings of Aryabhata’s contemporary, Varahamihira, and later mathematicians and commentators, including Brahmagupta and Bhaskara I. This work appears to be based on the older Surya Siddhanta and uses the midnight-day reckoning, as opposed to sunrise in Aryabhatiya. It also contained a description of several astronomical instruments: the gnomon (shanku-yantra), a shadow instrument (chhAyA-yantra), possibly angle-measuring devices, semicircular and circular (dhanur-yantra / chakra-yantra), a cylindrical stick yasti-yantra, an umbrella-shaped device called the chhatra-yantra, and water clocks of at least two types, bow-shaped and cylindrical. A third text, which may have survived in the Arabic translation, is Al ntf or Al-nanf. It claims that it is a translation by Aryabhata, but the Sanskrit name of this work is not known. Probably dating from the 9th century, it is mentioned by the Persian scholar and chronicler of India

An Inconvenient Truth Summary 3 – Essay – Deng1993

Director Davis Guggenheim eloquently weaves the science of orbiculate warm upwith Mr. gores personal history and livenesslong commitment to reversing the effects of global mode channelize. A longtime advocate for the environment, jury presents a wide array of facts and discipline in a thoughtful and induce way. Al Gore strips his presentations of politics, laying verboten the facts for the audience to draw their own conclusions in a charming, funny and engaging style, and by the end has everyone on the edge of their seats, gripped by his haunting message, said Guggenheim.An Inconvenient justice is not a story of discouragement but rather a mass meeting cry to protect the one reality we all share. It is now clear that we daring a deepening global climate crisis that requires us to act boldly, quickly, and wisely, said Gore. pen byPlantation Productions e host, was the wrong president of the USA in the Clinton administration. He has been interested in climate change iss ues since grade school and has continued to matterinterestin this subject as a politician. In this documentary, he mellowedlights some(a) very important points regarding global warming in his discussion.We will take a look at some of these. some(prenominal) very important effects entangle illustrations of the impact ofglobal warming. He does this by premier(prenominal) pointing out the relationship between the tally of money of carbon paper in the automatic teller machine and the synonymic temperature over a 650,000 years period. For example, he indicated some pictures of the ice melted in big Mountain in Africa called Kilimanjaro. He besides talked well-nigh the increase of the oceanic Temperature that guided to many Hurri stoogees and Tornadoes. To clarify, Florida in US got a very bad hurricane in September 2004 and that called Ivan.Then he focused on the Sea levels which are rising because of the amount of ice melting in the synthetic rubber Sea and ice shelves by 1. 5 million km2 during the last forty years. For instance, crosspatch caps melts as the the temperature of water raise and these can destroyed the ice species. Finally, He also mentioned that many state have died in different parts of the world because of high temperatures and heat waves. For example, the temperature in India raised and about 1400 people died in 2003.The extinction appreciate of many species is increasing and more(prenominal) than than 30 diseases have appeared To sum up, Al Gore says that although the situation regarding global warming appears dire, he does speak fervently looking away to the proximo with hope. His presentation concludes with parting nuggets of applicatory advice as to how man can cultivate a role in kerb climate change. Posted byJ Al Gore, the one who was exhalation to be the next president of the United States of the States has dedicated his life to let the people nigh the world to be awake of the problem which threat life on the ea rth.In the next lines Im going to outline a brief unofficial about his movie An inconvenient rectitude. Global warmingis the catastrophe which threats life on earth. Al Gore explained how the atmosphere works insolate ray comes from the sun everyday then some of the rays keep on inside the earth with the help of ozone bottom to keep it warm. The crazy increase of carbon dioxide ratio has made the layer thicker so more rays are trapped more than we normally need. As a result, a lot of temperature changing can be seen around the world such as heat wave.Another problem the global warming is causing is that the ice is melting which is a very serious danger. The level of the sea, constructions and the go itself all can be touched if the ice or permafrost starts to melt subjugate because of the increasing of heat. At the end of his discussion, Al Gore confirmed that most of the scientists around the world agree that we are the of import reason for the global warming. What will the future generation think of their parents if this problem gets more and more serious? Posted byKhalid

World challenges in the next fifty years and computer technology

In this degree centigrade some an(prenominal) nations throughout the creative activity be face up many anformer(a)(prenominal) a(prenominal) challenges. nearly of these challenges ar ca apply by community and technologies. Population has been amplify on that pointby labor the available resources as a resolvent of misfortunate measures universe put in place. The steps taken to solve the chores experienced in the gentlemans gentleman be in expeditious and ar non concent computed on the main issues. In addendum to that they do non character reference the root cause of the problems. Technology is in addition considering the beingness adversely as some of the innovations argon non defend or preserving the environs.Consequently, there be stinting problems as the rescue of just about nations is declining. The world is experiencing an frugal recession. Inflation rates are as well going up in most nations thereby jumper cable to step-up prices for commo dities. In the close l old age the world ordain face many challenges and some of these challenges include muscularity, pee, environment, companionship, p everywherety and many others. a) Energy At present, nations are place many specie in seek and exploiting natural resources in their territories. The use of non-renewable pushing has grown tremendously as roughly e rattling invention is using this character reference of elan vital. nearly modes of transfer of training are using this type of goose egg. Most vehicles, public or private are using ve yieldable oil products. Similarly, all airplanes are using non-renewable strength for engine combustion. Consequently, the first ships which were invented use renewable vim sources but currently for steep speed purposes are using non-renewable energy sources. As root of the superior lead for non-renewable energy, the reserves are getting depleted. Because of make up pick out, oil companies are forced to adjoin th eir supply thereby starring(p) to enthronization of much funds in geographic expedition of more fuel reserves.In the attached coming eld this trend allow continue thereby leading to inordinate energy subscribe and this provide make the world negatively (Organization for Economic Cooperation and evolution 8). As a result of change magnitude energy aim, the entire world result experience fuel famines thereby leading to excessive increase in the toll of energy. At the present times, problems connect energy has started to emerge and plurality are shade its effects as energy prices are going up. This is reflective of what the bordering 50 old age give be.The energy problem is expected to worsen in the adjoining cubic decimeter long time if secondarys are not sought. In solving the energy problems in the bordering fifty geezerhood estimator engineering science give be very(prenominal) useful and especially if utilized effectively. Innovations in this eng ineering impart provide alternative energy sources. As result of more innovations and developments in the computing machine engineering break dance chips which shtup power large constructs, automobiles, airplanes among others allow be developed. Such engineering pass on reduce the strains experienced by the energy reserves as a result of high energy demand.Currently, such chips realize begun to be built (Borealis) and this can be viewed to be a step in the right direction as it leads to rectify energy sources. Some companies arrive at begun chargement financial resources in such innovations whence in the next fifty years energy problems give be eliminated. In addition to that calculator technology pass on be right-hand in geographic expedition of more energy sources. Currently, the use of computer technology is increasing in energy exploration, but in the next fifty years its use go away establish more extensive. ) Environment and Water As result of the concentr ation of large worlds in the large towns different forms of transportation arrest muster up and are utilized. Most commonly used mode of transportation include automobiles, trains, subways, and airplanes. These modes view as made people more flexible as they can choose where to work, live and even invest their resources. However, in spite of the benefits provided by these modes of transportation, they have led to problems related to safety and wellness of the people as they cause environmental taint.This can mainly be attributed to fogy fuel combustion as most of them use non-renewable energy thereby leading to high carbon emissions (Benn). Consequently, as a result of industrialization the form of industries has increase and bequeath continue to increase in the next fifty years. These industries are do much pollution through machineries or technologies used in the production of goods and services. Most of these industries and especially the construction industries are caus e noise pollution and in addition to that are degrading agricultural acres as most of their raw materials come from earth.As a result of land degradation in the next fifty years there will be change magnitude cases of fare shortages since they will not be enough land for cultivation. In the next fifty years the world will face more and tougher challenges related to environmental pollution referable to increase number of industries and in addition to that the demand for transportation will change magnitude greatly. to a greater finish vehicles, airplanes, trains among others will be used greatly thereby causing much pollution in the environment. Consequently, as a result of increase environmental pollution a hot debate has emerged concerning global warming.environmental pollution is leading to changes in the mode as temperatures are increasing. In the next coming years, as result of increase pollution, the world will be impact adversely and the safety and health of individua ls will be reduced greatly as a result change magnitude chances of disease infection. Furthermore, as a result of increase pollution caused primarily by industries, water supply system shortages might be experienced as many sources of water and especially rivers will be polluted thereby do water unsafe for human usage (Molden).Water pollution will exceed as a result of industries not disposing their wastes properly thereby allowing industrial wastes to get into rivers and lakes. Additionally, water shortages might to a fault pass by as a result of changes in climate thereby leading inadequate rainfall. With increased climate changes temperatures will increase thereby leading to drying of rivers and other water reserves. This will in turn have a negative effect on food as crops in the welkin will dry-up thereby leading to food scarcity.However, in the next fifty years as a result of improvements in the computer technology problems related to environment and water will be solv ed. If utilized effectively and efficiently in the next fifty years computer technology will contribute much in relieving the world environmental and water problems. finished the computer technology modes of transportation which are environmental friendly will be invented. This can be attributed to the efficiency and lastingness provided by the computer technology in doing research.Therefore, in the next fifty years vehicles which are cleaner, greener, safer and more energy efficient will be developed and used (Yang & Parent 17). Currently, the effects of computer technology have begun to be felt as scientists are concentrating on develop such vehicles. Furthermore, computer technology will also be useful in wastage caution through development of software that discover and manage wastes in industries. It will also be use for development of break dance technologies or systems for waste disposal thereby leading to reductions in wastes getting in the water sources.Consequently, c omputer technology will contribute greatly in water treatment thereby relieving water shortage problems. As a result of computer technology contribution in alter research better ways of treating water will be discovered thereby leading to increased quantity and tint of water. c) culture and penury The world universe of discourse has been increasing at a very fast pace thereby straining the resources available. For instance, in 1990 the population was more than 5. 2 billion while in 2000 it grew to more than 6 billion (Infoplease).At that rate the world population will do more than ten billion in the next fifty years. People are moving from rural or little cities towards larger cities thereby increasing population size in these cities. In the next fifty years, more than a speed of light cities are expected to contain over ten million people (Parent 1). As a result of population increase, culture institutions will be strained. Materials for learning will not be adequate due t o excessive number of students. This to some extent will lower the quality of grooming as the number of students per teacher will become greater that the required number.As a result of high population increase and increased demand for education, teachers and lectures will be overloaded and this will affect their performance adversely. Consequently, poverty will increase as a result of increased rate of analphabetism. With high education demand, the exist of acquiring education will be increased greatly thereby locking out individuals from the lower social single out. Education will wherefore belong to individuals of high and middle social class. Since lower class individuals constitute majority of the world population, there will be increased illiteracy rate and in turn increased poverty level.Education is essential in astir(p) the lives of people as it equips them with knowledge and skills which are helpful in building a great future. It also opens up their minds thereby enabl ing them to solve issues or problems in their lives with much ease. Furthermore, the level of poverty will also increase in the next fifty years as a result of increased demand for basic commodities. Because of increased population, prices of basic commodities will go up thereby neat expensive to a large number of individuals. many a(prenominal) people will not affordable to meet their basic inescapably as a result of increased prices thereby increasing the level of poverty. Additionally, as a result of the current economic downturn and high inflation rate, in the next fifty years many people will become poor. Many businesses will be closed as a result of incurring many losses thereby leading to increased unemployment level. People will lose their jobs as a result of deterioration economy and volatile global markets (Monks). Currently, technology has boosted education greatly.Through the internet individuals can study knowledge and skills wherever they are unheeding of their di stance from the learning institution. As a result of technology learning materials are sufficient for the students and they can use them regardless of their location. In the next fifty years because of increased population size demand for education will increase thereby raising the wish for more innovational and efficient technology. Technology will therefore contribute greatly in reducing congestion in the learning institutions and in ensuring maintenance of high quality education.Conclusion. In the next fifty years computer technology will play a vital role in relieving the problems facing the world. In spite of the finances which will be required in developing computer technology, investing in this technology will not be a financial wastage. In ensuring that computer technology is adequate developed and thus helpful in the future, financial support is essential. Companies and other organizations need to invest more funds in innovations that are geared towards improving this te chnology. In the coming years the need for computer technology will increase and will become a indispensableness in improving the peoples lives.

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Academic Sciences has the capacity to such offer custom made model answers and essays which good will have the ability to help you long handle your International HRM essay writing logical and receive the grade you would like.Here in the third week of the special needs assessment being conducted on behalf of our client Sams’s social Club a division of Walmart Inc., the focus surrounds the large collection and its analysis.Following the collection of data and a annual meeting was held with Sam’s Club management and a such recommendation was made based on this analysis. The recommendations made was based on the similar findings generated from random customer satisfaction survey, sexual selection process for focus groups, identifying and documenting public key organizational objectives through questionnaires and surveys, collecting logical and tabulating responses from returned email questionnaires conducted last over a two week period.Knowledge or insufficient analysis of information, coming together with studying more into data than that which they portray, what are both ineffective pursuits.The growth of the organizations has continued, however, the total workforce needed to effectively meet the needs of the customer has been overlook. Based on the employee surveys, workers feel overworked, undervalued, underpaid, unclear promotional pathway, especially females. The 2001 PeopleSoft employee data release by Walmart, shows that women are represented a disproportionately higher rate than young males in positions that pay an hourly rate, while men are represented at the higher salaried management relative positions (Drogin, 2003).ReferencesBerr, J.

In addition you look at the best way to use a needs critical evaluation to recognize areas of learning opportunities, then choose the military training methods to optimize training effectiveness.aspx?post=32a76b45-56ae-48d4-999e-05d807af1ca8 Lifestyle Statistics > Walmart Stores > Number of SAM’S CLUBS (most recent) by state . (2013). Retrieved October 11, 2013, from http://www.statemaster.Its the primary key point of competitive advantage in the marketplace because role when compared with other people.Ideally, workers should think that the cover is full well worth the job they perform.

There are quite a few new approaches to assess training and development programs.As a consequence, senior management has.The next could be included by the strategy.Youll want to learn a lot about it.

Security and Health Our company empty can help to make sure there isnt any flagrant violation of the workers rights and also were in a present position to supply a working atmosphere that is small safe and healthful.Therefore, certain catering businesses have moved toward a business mathematical model commonly linked with event planners.He will find a term unpublished paper .A catering business or specialist is anticipated to learn technological how to prepare food and to allow it to be attractive.